The University of Toronto is a public research university in Toronto. In all major rankings, U of T consistently ranks in the top ten public universities in the world. It receives the most annual scientific research funding and endowment of any Canadian university and is one of two members of the Association of American Universities outside the United States. The university was the birthplace of insulin and stem cell research, the first artificial cardiac pacemaker, home to the first electron microscope and numourous other groundbreaking tech advancements.